涉外气象探测和资料管理办法（中国气象局令第13号）

涉外气象探测和资料管理办法

（中国气象局令第13号）

    第一章  总  则

    第一条  为了规范涉外气象探测和资料管理，维护国家安全和利益，根据《中华人民共和国国家安全法》、《中华人民共和国保守国家秘密法》和《中华人民共和国气象法》及其他有关法律、法规，制定本办法。

    第二条  境外组织、机构和个人在中华人民共和国领域和中华人民共和国管辖的其他海域从事气象探测和气象资料的提供、使用和汇交等活动，应当遵守本办法。

境外组织、机构和个人在中华人民共和国领域和中华人民共和国管辖的其他海域从事前款所述活动，应当与中华人民共和国有关组织合作进行。

    第三条  从事涉外气象探测和气象资料的提供、使用和汇交等活动, 应当坚持严格监管、有效利用的原则，维护国家安全，促进气象国际合作。

涉及国家安全、国家秘密的涉外气象探测和气象资料的提供、使用和汇交等活动，必须遵守有关国家安全和保守国家秘密的法律、法规、规章的规定。

    第四条  国务院气象主管机构负责全国涉外气象探测和资料的管理。

    地方各级气象主管机构负责本行政区域内的涉外气象探测和资料的管理。

    国家安全、保密等国务院其他有关部门和地方各级人民政府其他有关部门,应当按照职责配合气象主管机构共同做好涉外气象探测和资料的管理工作。

    第五条  任何组织和个人不得向未经批准的境外组织、机构和个人提供气象探测场所和气象资料，不得将涉及国家秘密的气象资料以任何方式提供给其他组织和个人或者予以发表。

    境外组织、机构和个人不得利用气象探测活动损害中华人民共和国的国家安全和利益。

    第二章  涉外气象探测站（点）的设立

    第六条  涉外气象探测站（点）的设立，实行行政许可制度。未经许可，不得设立涉外气象探测站（点）。

    国务院气象主管机构负责审批涉外气象探测站（点）的设立，涉及国家安全、国家秘密的，应当分别征求国家安全、保密等部门的意见。

    第七条  申请设立涉外气象探测站（点）应当具备以下条件：

    （一）具有科学合理的国际合作项目实施计划和方案；

    （二）具有明确的合作单位、符合要求的气象探测地点；

    （三）有必需的经费、设备和一定数量的专业技术人员;

    （四）国家和有关部门规定的从事涉外活动必须具备的其他条件。

    第八条  申请设立涉外气象探测站（点）,应当提交以下书面材料：

    （一）合作各方的基本情况；

    （二）合作项目协议书、项目实施计划和方案；

    （三）专业技术人员的基本情况；

    （四）项目经费来源证明；

    （五）探测仪器设备的型号、生产厂家、设备许可证和技术指标等；

    （六）拟建探测站点的基本参数（包括经度、纬度、海拔高度等）、布点数和探测环境；

    （七）探测项目、时段，采样时间、频次、计算方法及其用途；

    （八）探测资料的处理和传输方式，数据的采集、传输和存档格式，国内备份以及数据使用的共享方式等。

    涉外气象探测活动的项目涉及其他有关部门的，申请人还应当提交有关部门相应的批准文件。

    第九条  申请设立涉外气象探测站（点），应当按照以下程序办理：

    （一）开展涉外气象探测活动的中方合作组织，应当在项目实施三个月前，向所在地的省、自治区、直辖市气象主管机构提出书面申请；

    （二）省、自治区、直辖市气象主管机构自受理申请之日起二十个工作日内形成初步审核意见，连同申请人的全部申请材料一同报送国务院气象主管机构审批；

    （三）国务院气象主管机构会同有关部门应当自收到申请材料之日起二十个工作日内作出决定。

    涉及国家安全、国家秘密的，省、自治区、直辖市气象主管机构初步审核时，应当征求当地国家安全、保密等部门的意见。

    跨省、自治区、直辖市设立涉外气象探测站（点）的，应当向国务院气象主管机构直接提出申请。

    中方合作组织必须如实向气象主管机构提交有关材料和反映真实情况，并对其申请材料实质内容的真实性负责。

    第十条  申请设立涉外气象探测站（点）和利用已有气象站（点）开展探测项目，或者自带仪器设备进行气象探测的，必须符合以下要求：

    （一）在我国境内设立气象探测站点的站间距不能少于六十公里，探测时间不能超过两年，有特别需要并经国务院气象主管机构批准的除外；

    （二）采用自动气象探测仪器设备进行探测或者人工观测,所获取的气象资料应当由合作各方共享，境外组织、机构和个人未经气象主管机构同意不得单方面进行传输；

    （三）自带和使用的气象探测仪器设备，应当经国务院气象主管机构或者省、自治区、直辖市气象主管机构组织检查，并符合国家安全的规定；

    （四）自带和使用的气象探测仪器设备属于无线电发射设备的，应当按照国家有关无线电频率管理规定办理相关手续；

    （五）涉外气象探测不得对我国正在进行的气象探测工作造成影响。

    第十一条  国防及军事设施、军事敏感区域、尚未对外开放地区、重点工程建设区域及其他涉及国家安全的区域不得设立涉外气象探测站（点）。

    第十二条  经国务院气象主管机构批准设立的涉外气象探测站（点），应当按照批准的探测地点、项目、时段进行探测，不得擅自变更。

需要变更探测地点、项目、时段的，应当重新申报，并经国务院气象主管机构批准。

    第十三条  经批准设立的涉外气象探测站（点），在气象探测站（点）建设前应当向所在地的设区的市气象主管机构备案。

    第十四条  省、自治区、直辖市气象主管机构负责本行政区域内涉外气象探测站（点）的监督管理，并将监督管理情况及时报告国务院气象主管机构。

    中外合作各方应当主动接受气象主管机构的监督检查，如实提供有关情况和材料。

    第三章  涉外气象资料的管理

    第十五条  涉外气象探测活动所获取的气象探测原始资料,应当定期向所在地的省、自治区、直辖市气象主管机构汇交。具体汇交办法由省、自治区、直辖市气象主管机构制定。

    第十六条  涉外气象探测活动所获取的气象探测资料及其加工产品，归中华人民共和国所有，参加合作各方可以依照合同约定使用。

    第十七条  境外组织、机构和个人对其通过涉外气象探测活动所获取的气象探测资料及其加工产品享有使用权，但不得以任何形式转让、提供给第三方。

    第十八条  向境外组织、机构和个人提供参加世界气象组织全球和区域交换站点以外的气象资料，应当由中方合作组织向省、自治区、直辖市气象主管机构提出书面申请，报省、自治区、直辖市气象主管机构或者国务院气象主管机构批准。

    涉及国家秘密的，应当按照国家有关规定征求保密部门的意见。

    第十九条  在涉外气象探测活动中获取的涉及国家秘密的气象资料，由省、自治区、直辖市气象主管机构或者其授权的单位与中外合作各方按照国家规定签订气象资料保密协议，明确保密义务和责任。

    第四章  法律责任

    第二十条  违反本办法规定，有下列行为之一的，由有关气象主管机构责令停止违法行为，拆除非法探测设施，收缴非法获取的气象资料，给予警告，可以并处一万元以下的罚款；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：

    （一）未经批准擅自设立涉外气象探测站（点）的；

    （二）超出批准布点数探测的；

    （三）对我国正在进行的气象探测工作造成影响的；

    （四）未经批准变更探测地点、项目、时段的；

    （五）超过探测期限进行探测活动的；

    （六）自带或者使用的气象探测仪器设备未经国务院气象主管机构或者省、自治区、直辖市气象主管机构组织检查的。

    第二十一条  违反本办法规定，有下列行为之一的，由有关气象主管机构责令停止违法行为，收缴非法获取的气象资料，给予警告，可以并处一万元以下的罚款：

    （一）向未经批准的境外组织、机构和个人提供气象探测场所和气象资料的；

    （二）境外组织、机构和个人实施或者指使、资助他人以非法手段收集、窃取气象资料的；

    （三）未按照规定向有关气象主管机构汇交气象探测原始资料的；

    （四）转让或者提供气象探测资料及其加工产品给第三方的。

    第二十二条  在涉外气象探测和资料管理活动中违反《中华人民共和国国家安全法》、《中华人民共和国保守国家秘密法》规定的，由国家安全、保密部门依法处理；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

    第二十三条  气象主管机构工作人员在涉外气象探测和资料管理工作中玩忽职守、滥用职权的，依法给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

    国家工作人员在涉外气象探测和资料管理工作中故意或者过失泄露涉及国家秘密的气象资料的，按照国家有关法律法规规定执行；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。 

    第五章  附  则

    第二十四条  本办法中下列用语的含义是：

    （一）气象探测，是指利用科技手段对大气和近地层的大气物理过程、现象及其化学性质等进行的系统观察和测量，包括对地球气候系统、大气圈、水圈、冰雪圈、生物圈、岩石圈等多圈层的物理、化学、生物特征及其变化过程和相互作用开展长期、连续和系统的观察和测定；

    （二）气象探测站（点），是指涉外气象活动中收集或者测量气象要素的临时或固定的设备及其场所。

    第二十五条  我国政府与外国政府及国际组织之间的合作项目中涉及的气象活动，按照国家有关规定执行。

    第二十六条  本办法自二○○七年一月一日起施行。

Measures

for Foreign-Related Meteorological Observation and

Data Management

Decree of

  China Meteorological Administration and

National Administration for Protection of State Secrets

No. 13

    The Measures for Foreign-Related Meteorological Observation and Data management, reviewed and adopted respectively at the Executive Meeting of the Administrators of China Meteorological Administration on 14 July 2006 and at the Executive Meeting of National Administration for Protection of State Secrets on 14 August 2006, are hereby promulgated and shall come into effect as of 1 January 2007.

Qin Dahe

 Administrator

ChinaMeteorological Administration

 

Xia Yong

 Administrator

National Administration for Protection of State Secrets

 

                                                                  7 November 2006

Chapter I

General Provisions

Article 1 In order to regulate foreign-related meteorological observation and data management and safeguard national security and state interests, these Measures are enacted in accordance with the State Security Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Guarding State Secrets and the Meteorology Law of the People’s Republic of China, as well as other laws and regulations.

Article 2 Overseas organizations, institutions and individuals that engage in meteorological observation and provide, use and submit meteorological data in the territory of the People’s Republic of China and the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China shall abide by these Measures.

 When engaging in activities in the territory of the People’s Republic of China and the sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China as mentioned in the preceding paragraph, overseas organizations, institutions and individuals shall work in cooperation with the PRC organizations concerned.

Article 3 An organization that engages in foreign-related meteorological observation or provides, uses or submits meteorological data shall adhere to the principles of strict supervision and effective utilization, safeguard national security and promote international cooperation in meteorology.

Foreign-related meteorological observation and provision, use and submission of meteorological data that involve national security and state secrets shall be done in compliance with the provisions of laws, rules and regulations governing national security and the protection of state secrets.

Article 4 The competent meteorological department under the State Council is responsible for foreign-related meteorological observation and data management nationwide.

The competent local meteorological departments at different levels shall be responsible for foreign-related meteorological observation and data management within their respective administrative areas.

The departments of the State Council, including the ones in charge of national security and state secrets, and the other relevant departments of the local people's governments at different levels shall, in compliance with their respective duties, cooperate with the competent meteorological departments to make a success of foreign-related meteorological observation and data management.

Article 5 Without approval, no organization or individual shall provide overseas organizations, institutions or individuals with meteorological observation places or meteorological data, or provide by any means other organizations or individuals with meteorological data involving state secrets or publish the same.

No overseas organizations, institutions or individuals shall make use of meteorological observation to undermine national security and state interests of the People’s Republic of China.

Chapter II

Setting Up of A Foreign-Related Meteorological Observation Station (Site)

   Article 6 The administrative permission system shall be applied to the setting up of a foreign-related meteorological observation station (site). No foreign-related meteorological station (site) shall be set up without permission.

    The competent meteorological department under the State Council is in charge of examination and approval of the setting up of a foreign-related meteorological observation station (site). Where national security and state secrets are involved, the said department shall consult with the departments in charge of the national security and the protection of state secrets.

    Article 7 An applicant that intends to set up a foreign-related meteorological station (site) shall meet the following requirements:

(1) Having a scientific and rational plan or program carrying out an international cooperation project;

(2) Having a definite collaborator and a meteorological observation location that meets the relevant conditions;

(3) Having the necessary funds and equipment and a given number of professionals; and

(4) Other requirements specified by the state and relevant departments for foreign-related activities.

    Article 8 An applicant that intends to set up a foreign-related meteorological observation station (site) shall provide the following written materials:

(1) Basic information on each collaborator;

(2) The project cooperation agreement, implementation plan and program for carrying out the project;

(3) Basic information on the professionals;

(4) Certificate of the source of project fund;

(5) The models, manufacturers, licenses and specifications of  observation instruments and equipment;

(6) The basic parameters of the planned observation station or      site (including the longitude, latitude and altitude), the number of deployments and the observation environs;

(7) Observation items, time period, sampling time/frequency,  calculation method and its use; and

(8) Observation data processing and transmission modes, data  collection, transmission and archiving formats, domestic backup, data sharing method, etc.

    Where a foreign-related meteorological observation project involves another department, the applicant shall provide the appropriate approval document released by the said department.

    Article 9 An applicant that intends to set up a foreign-related meteorological observation station (site) shall go through the following procedures:

(1) The Chinese counterpart engaged in the foreign-related meteorological observation activities shall, three months prior to the launching of the project, submit a written application to the competent meteorological department of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government where it is located；

(2) The competent meteorological department of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government shall, within 20 working days from the date it accepts the application, form a preliminary opinion after examination, and, together with all the application materials of the applicant, submit its opinion to the competent meteorological department under the State Council for examination and approval; and

(3) The competent meteorological department under the State Council shall, within 20 working days from the date it receives the application materials, make a decision in conjunction with the relevant departments.

    Where national security and state secrets are involved, the competent meteorological department of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government shall, during the preliminary examination, consult with the local national security departments and those in charge of the protection of state secrets.

    Where a foreign-related meteorological observation station (site) is to be set up on the borders of different provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government, application shall be directly submitted to the competent meteorological department under the State Council.

    The Chinese counterpart shall present to the competent meteorological department truthful materials, and give factual information, and shall be accountable for the authenticity of the substance of the application.

    Article 10 An applicant that intends to set up a foreign-related meteorological observation station (site), for using an existing meteorological station (site) for observation projects, or for carrying out meteorological observation with his own instruments and equipment shall meet the following requirements:

(1) The distance between the meteorological observation stations set up within the territory of China is kept not less than 60 kilometers, and the time period of observation does not exceed  two years, with the exception of special needs for which approval by the competent meteorological department under the State Council is obtained; 

(2) The meteorological data acquired with the help of automatic      meteorological observation instruments or equipment or through human efforts are shared among all the collaborators; and unilateral transmission of such data by any overseas organization, institution or individual shall not be made without consent from a competent meteorological department;

(3) The meteorological observation instruments and equipment brought into and used in China shall undergo inspection to be arranged by the competent meteorological department under the State Council or by a competent meteorological department of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government and conform to the regulations governing national security;  

(4) For meteorological observation instruments and equipment brought into and used in China that are involved with radio transmitters, the necessary formalities shall be gone through in accordance with relevant state regulations governing radio frequency; and

(5) Foreign-related meteorological observation shall not interfere with any ongoing meteorological observation conducted by China.

    Article 11 No foreign-related meteorological observation stations (sites) shall be set up in areas of defense and military installations or in military sensitive areas, in areas not yet open to the outside, in areas of major construction projects or in other areas involving national security.

    Article 12 A foreign-related meteorological observation station (site) set up with the approval of the competent meteorological department under the State Council shall operate according to the approved location, items and time period of observation, and no change shall be made without approval.

    Where change in the location, items or time period of observation is necessary, an application therefore shall be submitted anew to the competent meteorological department under the State Council for approval.

    Article 13 The foreign-related meteorological observation station (site) which has obtained approval for its setting up shall, before construction begins, have itself put on file by the competent meteorological department of the city where it is located.

    Article 14 The competent meteorological departments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be responsible for supervision and management of the foreign-related meteorological observation stations (sites) within their respective administrative areas and, in a timely manner, report the competent meteorological department under the State Council on their exercise of such supervision and management.

    Both Chinese and foreign collaborators shall readily subject themselves to supervision and inspection by the competent meteorological departments, and shall provide truthful relevant information and materials.

Chapter III

Management of Foreign-related Meteorological Data

    Article 15 The raw meteorological data obtained through foreign-related meteorological observation shall be regularly submitted to the local competent meteorological departments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government. The measures in this regard shall be formulated by the said departments.

    Article 16 The meteorological data obtained through foreign-related meteorological observation, together with the processed products, belong to the People's Republic of China, and all the collaborators may use the data in accordance with the agreements stipulated in contracts.

   Article 17 An overseas organization, institution or individual is entitled to use the meteorological observation data it has acquired through foreign-related meteorological observation and the processed products, but is not allowed to transfer or provide, in whatever form, such data or products to a third party. 

    Article 18  To provide an overseas organization, institution or individual with meteorological data which are collected from a station (site) not designated as part of the regional or global exchange program of the World Meteorological Organization, the Chinese counterpart shall submit a written application to the competent meteorological department of a province or autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government   for approval by the said department or the competent meteorological department under the State Council.

    Where state secrets are involved, the department for protecting state secrets shall be consulted with in accordance with relevant state regulations.

    Article 19 With regard to the meteorological data to be acquired through foreign-related meteorological observation that involve state secrets,  the competent meteorological department of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government or the unit authorized by them shall, in accordance with relevant state regulations, conclude a security agreement on meteorological data with both the Chinese and overseas collaborators, in which to define their obligations and liabilities in respect of the protection of state secrets.

Chapter IV

Legal Responsibility

    Article 20 Any organization or individual that, in violation of  provisions of these Measures, commits one of the following acts shall be ordered by the relevant competent meteorological department to discontinue the violation, its illegal observation facilities shall be dismantled, and its illegally-acquired meteorological data shall be confiscated, it shall be given a disciplinary warning, and may concurrently be fined not more than RMB 10,000 Yuan; if the violation constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated for in accordance with law:

(1) Setting up a foreign-related meteorological station (site) without approval;

(2) Exceeding the approved number of deployments for observation;

(3) Interfering with China’s ongoing meteorological observation;

(4) Altering the location, items and time period of observation without approval;

(5) Exceeding the specified time limit for observation; or

(6) Bringing along or using the meteorological observation instruments and equipment which are not inspected by the competent meteorological department of the State Council or the competent meteorological department of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government.

    Article 21 Any organization or individual that, in violation of the provisions of these Measures, commits one of the following acts shall be ordered by the competent meteorological department concerned to discontinue the violation, and  its illegally-acquired meteorological data shall be confiscated, it shall be given a disciplinary warning, and may concurrently be fined not more than 10,000 Yuan:

(1) Providing a meteorological observation place or data to an overseas organization, institution or individual that has not obtained approval;

(2) In the case of an overseas organization, institution or individual, illegally collecting or stealing meteorological data, or instigating or funding another person to do so;

(3) Failing to submit raw observation data to the relevant competent meteorological department, as is required by the provisions of these Measures; or

(4) Transferring or providing meteorological observation data or processed products to a third party.

    Article 22 Any violation of the provisions in the State Security Law of the People’s Republic of China or the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of State Secrets, committed in the course of foreign-related meteorological observation or data management shall be dealt with by the department of national security or the department for protection of state secrets in accordance with law; if the violation constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated for in accordance with law.

    Article 23 Where a staff member of a competent meteorological department neglects his/her duty or abuses his/her power in the work of foreign-related meteorological observation or data management, he/she shall be given an administrative sanction in accordance with law. If a crime is constituted, he/she shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law.

    Any government employee who, in the work of foreign-related meteorological observation or data management, intentionally or through negligence, divulges meteorological data that involve state secrets, shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of relevant state laws and regulations; if a crime is constituted, he/she shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law.

 Chapter V

Supplementary Provisions

    Article 24 For the purposes of these Measures, the meanings of the following terms are:  

(1) Meteorological observation means a systematic detection and measurement of atmospheric physical processes, phenomena and chemical properties in the atmosphere and surface layer by adopting a scientific and technological approach, including a long-term, continuous and interconnected detection and measurement of the physical, chemical and biological properties of climate system and various spheres of the earth, such as the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the biosphere and the lithosphere , and of their evolution and interaction.

(2) A meteorological observation station (site) comprises the temporarily or permanently installed equipment and facilities and the places for foreign-related meteorological activities, which are used for collecting and measuring meteorological elements.

    Article 25 The meteorological activities involved in the cooperative projects undertaken between the Chinese government and a foreign government or an international organization shall be governed by relevant state regulations.

    Article 26 These Measures shall come into effect as of 1 January 2007.